Hey all today i was thinking is there anybody out there who is thinking the same thing as you and me, is there any body out there.
I would be more than happy to here a few qurries from you.
Sunday, July 12, 2009
Monday, July 6, 2009
when i grow up
who wants to be an astronaut when they grow up?
if you do email me and tell me i would love to be friends with you!
my email is vishrut_pande@hotmail.com
if you do email me and tell me i would love to be friends with you!
my email is vishrut_pande@hotmail.com
Sunday, December 14, 2008
Saturday, July 5, 2008
did you know
- Any free-moving liquid in outer space will form itself into a sphere, because of its surface tension.
- Mercury, Venus, earth and Mars are called the inner planets as they are closest to the sun!
- December 21st 1968, was the first time that humans truely left Earth.
- Olympus Mons, a volcano found on Mars, is the largest volcano found in solar system. It is 370 miles (595 km) across and rises 15 miles (24 kmOlympus Mons, a volcano found on Mars, is the largest volcano found in solar system. It is 370 miles (595 km) across and rises 15 miles (24 km
- The space age began on the 4th October 1957
- The one and only satellite that Britain has launched was called Black Arrow
.
Wednesday, July 2, 2008
cool links
hello evryone,
if any of you guys have any cool links about space please email me on vishrut_pande@hotmail.com
Saturday, June 28, 2008
Study: Mars Had Drizzle and Dew
Liquid water on Mars may have once drizzled from the sky or collected as dew on the ground.
The falling water left signs in the Martian soil measured by NASA's Viking, Pathfinder, and rover missions, a new study suggests.
"By analyzing the chemistry of the planet's soil, we can derive important information about Mars' climate history," said Ronald Amundson, UC Berkeley ecologist and the study's lead author.
It was already known that it snows around the north pole of Mars. And there is ample evidence that liquid water used to well up from beneath the surface, as hot springs or groundwater.
But water falling from the Martian sky is something that's never been proven.
The frigid climate on Mars has locked the planet's water in ice, but scientists agree that a warmer climate 4.6 billion to 3.5 billion years ago allowed for liquid water in lakes and rivers. Now the new study suggests that liquid water still existed in the Martian atmosphere even more recently, from 3.5 billion to 1.8 billion years ago.
The study will be detailed online in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta this month and in a print issue in August.
Amundson's team saw evidence that the Martian soil had lost much of the elements in the original rock fragments which formed the soil. That pattern suggests water once moved downward through the dirt and washed those elements away.
The Mars record also shows a long period of drying out, as seen in surface patterns in the sulfate-rich soil. The researchers compared that to very similar patterns in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest region on Earth with just 1 millimeter of annual rainfall on average.
"The Atacama Desert and the dry valleys of Antarctica are where Earth meets Mars," Amundson said. "I would argue that Mars has more in common geochemically with these climate extremes on Earth than these sites have in common with the rest of our planet."Sulfates appear to have accumulated on the surface with layers of chloride salt beneath — a pattern suggesting water fell onto the soil from the Martian atmosphere. Because sulfates are less soluble in water than chloride, they tend to separate out from water first. That means water moving downward would carry chlorides further beyond the sulfates.
Scientists still debate how much Earth's climate can compare to that of Mars, but Amundson argues that the Martian soil stands as a "museum" containing the history of water on the planet. Looking to Earth may help unlock that record.
"It seems very logical that a dry, arid planet like Mars with the same bedrock geology as many places on Earth would have some of the same hydrological and geological processes operating that occur in our deserts here on Earth," Amundson saidLiquid water on Mars may have once drizzled from the sky or collected as dew on the ground.
The falling water left signs in the Martian soil measured by NASA's Viking, Pathfinder, and rover missions, a new study suggests.
"By analyzing the chemistry of the planet's soil, we can derive important information about Mars' climate history," said Ronald Amundson, UC Berkeley ecologist and the study's lead author.
It was already known that it snows around the north pole of Mars. And there is ample evidence that liquid water used to well up from beneath the surface, as hot springs or groundwater.
But water falling from the Martian sky is something that's never been proven.
The frigid climate on Mars has locked the planet's water in ice, but scientists agree that a warmer climate 4.6 billion to 3.5 billion years ago allowed for liquid water in lakes and rivers. Now the new study suggests that liquid water still existed in the Martian atmosphere even more recently, from 3.5 billion to 1.8 billion years ago.
The study will be detailed online in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta this month and in a print issue in August.
Amundson's team saw evidence that the Martian soil had lost much of the elements in the original rock fragments which formed the soil. That pattern suggests water once moved downward through the dirt and washed those elements away.
The Mars record also shows a long period of drying out, as seen in surface patterns in the sulfate-rich soil. The researchers compared that to very similar patterns in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest region on Earth with just 1 millimeter of annual rainfall on average.
"The Atacama Desert and the dry valleys of Antarctica are where Earth meets Mars," Amundson said. "I would argue that Mars has more in common geochemically with these climate extremes on Earth than these sites have in common with the rest of our planet."Sulfates appear to have accumulated on the surface with layers of chloride salt beneath — a pattern suggesting water fell onto the soil from the Martian atmosphere. Because sulfates are less soluble in water than chloride, they tend to separate out from water first. That means water moving downward would carry chlorides further beyond the sulfates.
Scientists still debate how much Earth's climate can compare to that of Mars, but Amundson argues that the Martian soil stands as a "museum" containing the history of water on the planet. Looking to Earth may help unlock that record.
"It seems very logical that a dry, arid planet like Mars with the same bedrock geology as many places on Earth would have some of the same hydrological and geological processes operating that occur in our deserts here on Earth," Amundson said
The falling water left signs in the Martian soil measured by NASA's Viking, Pathfinder, and rover missions, a new study suggests.
"By analyzing the chemistry of the planet's soil, we can derive important information about Mars' climate history," said Ronald Amundson, UC Berkeley ecologist and the study's lead author.
It was already known that it snows around the north pole of Mars. And there is ample evidence that liquid water used to well up from beneath the surface, as hot springs or groundwater.
But water falling from the Martian sky is something that's never been proven.
The frigid climate on Mars has locked the planet's water in ice, but scientists agree that a warmer climate 4.6 billion to 3.5 billion years ago allowed for liquid water in lakes and rivers. Now the new study suggests that liquid water still existed in the Martian atmosphere even more recently, from 3.5 billion to 1.8 billion years ago.
The study will be detailed online in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta this month and in a print issue in August.
Amundson's team saw evidence that the Martian soil had lost much of the elements in the original rock fragments which formed the soil. That pattern suggests water once moved downward through the dirt and washed those elements away.
The Mars record also shows a long period of drying out, as seen in surface patterns in the sulfate-rich soil. The researchers compared that to very similar patterns in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest region on Earth with just 1 millimeter of annual rainfall on average.
"The Atacama Desert and the dry valleys of Antarctica are where Earth meets Mars," Amundson said. "I would argue that Mars has more in common geochemically with these climate extremes on Earth than these sites have in common with the rest of our planet."Sulfates appear to have accumulated on the surface with layers of chloride salt beneath — a pattern suggesting water fell onto the soil from the Martian atmosphere. Because sulfates are less soluble in water than chloride, they tend to separate out from water first. That means water moving downward would carry chlorides further beyond the sulfates.
Scientists still debate how much Earth's climate can compare to that of Mars, but Amundson argues that the Martian soil stands as a "museum" containing the history of water on the planet. Looking to Earth may help unlock that record.
"It seems very logical that a dry, arid planet like Mars with the same bedrock geology as many places on Earth would have some of the same hydrological and geological processes operating that occur in our deserts here on Earth," Amundson saidLiquid water on Mars may have once drizzled from the sky or collected as dew on the ground.
The falling water left signs in the Martian soil measured by NASA's Viking, Pathfinder, and rover missions, a new study suggests.
"By analyzing the chemistry of the planet's soil, we can derive important information about Mars' climate history," said Ronald Amundson, UC Berkeley ecologist and the study's lead author.
It was already known that it snows around the north pole of Mars. And there is ample evidence that liquid water used to well up from beneath the surface, as hot springs or groundwater.
But water falling from the Martian sky is something that's never been proven.
The frigid climate on Mars has locked the planet's water in ice, but scientists agree that a warmer climate 4.6 billion to 3.5 billion years ago allowed for liquid water in lakes and rivers. Now the new study suggests that liquid water still existed in the Martian atmosphere even more recently, from 3.5 billion to 1.8 billion years ago.
The study will be detailed online in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta this month and in a print issue in August.
Amundson's team saw evidence that the Martian soil had lost much of the elements in the original rock fragments which formed the soil. That pattern suggests water once moved downward through the dirt and washed those elements away.
The Mars record also shows a long period of drying out, as seen in surface patterns in the sulfate-rich soil. The researchers compared that to very similar patterns in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest region on Earth with just 1 millimeter of annual rainfall on average.
"The Atacama Desert and the dry valleys of Antarctica are where Earth meets Mars," Amundson said. "I would argue that Mars has more in common geochemically with these climate extremes on Earth than these sites have in common with the rest of our planet."Sulfates appear to have accumulated on the surface with layers of chloride salt beneath — a pattern suggesting water fell onto the soil from the Martian atmosphere. Because sulfates are less soluble in water than chloride, they tend to separate out from water first. That means water moving downward would carry chlorides further beyond the sulfates.
Scientists still debate how much Earth's climate can compare to that of Mars, but Amundson argues that the Martian soil stands as a "museum" containing the history of water on the planet. Looking to Earth may help unlock that record.
"It seems very logical that a dry, arid planet like Mars with the same bedrock geology as many places on Earth would have some of the same hydrological and geological processes operating that occur in our deserts here on Earth," Amundson said
What we have here is a typically Russian paradox: although this country was the first to try out space tourism, it has failed to develop it further, letting other countries reap the fruits of this endeavor.
Furthermore, the ways in which Roskosmos (Russian Federal Space Agency) has been trying to branch out into tourism has no benefits for our national space program.
So far nine Russians have booked a space flight aboard a private vehicle Spaceship-2. It was developed by the British-U.S. company Virgin Galactic, which is part of the Virgin Group holding run by Sir Richard Branson. The company is going to demonstrate the first prototype of this spaceship in July.
The managers of Virgin Galactic, the world's first space travel agency with headquarters in the United States, believe that during the first 12 years hundreds of thousands of people may travel into space. True, the flight in zero-gravity conditions will last for just a few minutes, but at $200,000 it's still a bargain.
The American agency is going to set up a fleet of 40 to 45 tourist vehicles. In a decade, three to four spaceships with six tourists on board will be able to travel every day on a two-hour suborbital tour from the spaceport, currently under construction in New Mexico.
Today, the tickets for the first tours have already been sold, and about 85,000 people are ready to make advance payments.
The leaders of Russian cosmonautics started planning to develop space tourism in the age of the Mir orbital complex. But Roskosmos managed to translate its dream into reality only in 2001, when it sent Denis Tito, an American citizen, to the International Space Station (ISS) with the mediation of the U.S. company Space Adventures.
Since then, what we consider space tourism have been the flights to the ISS aboard the veteran spaceship Soyuz.
Needless to say, Roskosmos's dream for flights on a mass scale has not come true. So far, only five people have visited the station. The average cost of a weekly flight was more than $20 million.
But the very idea of a fun flight to the ISS is coming to an end. The station's crew will be increased to six people next year. Considering that U.S. shuttles will be put out of operation by 2010, a three-seat Soyuz will be the only spaceship for bringing crews to the ISS and back, and there will be simply no room for tourists.
But what if we cannot do without wealthy tourists in orbit?
Pavel Vinogradov, a pilot-cosmonaut and deputy head of the Energia Rocket Space Corporation, says: "Regrettably, space tourism is a big headache for us today. It does not resolve any financial problems, and undermines the foundations of our cosmonautics. We have to replace young cosmonauts with tourists... They are all good people but they are not professionals. Regrettably, we can only find room for them at the expense of professionals."
But Roskosmos is not giving up. If tourists cannot fly with the crew, they will have to be provided with a separate Soyuz spaceship. Space Adventures reports that the agreement on the first commercial flight was signed with Roskosmos in the first half of June.
What this means is that the weak industrial capacities will have to be diverted from the construction of spaceships for the bigger ISS crews. But this is no problem although it takes more than a year to build a space vehicle.
This time, Sergei Brin, one of the founders of the Google search engine and a new Space Adventures' investor, is going to fly into space. Let others judge what he will contribute to the ISS program.
But one thing is clear. Much to our regret, mass space tourism is leaving Russia. We could have kept it if Roskosmos had supported a project of the Myasishchev design bureau to develop a tourist spaceship on the basis of the high-altitude M-55 aircraft. But it remained on paper.
It is much easier to lash out at the lucky neighbor. Early this year, an anonymous source made a tell-tale statement about Virgin Galactic's plans: "Such short-term voyages into the near space, which last minutes and even seconds, cannot even compare with space trips of tourists to the ISS. Moreover, no respectable agency will collect money from hundreds of people if it cannot afford such flights."
This is an emphatic statement but it has nothing to do with reality
Furthermore, the ways in which Roskosmos (Russian Federal Space Agency) has been trying to branch out into tourism has no benefits for our national space program.
So far nine Russians have booked a space flight aboard a private vehicle Spaceship-2. It was developed by the British-U.S. company Virgin Galactic, which is part of the Virgin Group holding run by Sir Richard Branson. The company is going to demonstrate the first prototype of this spaceship in July.
The managers of Virgin Galactic, the world's first space travel agency with headquarters in the United States, believe that during the first 12 years hundreds of thousands of people may travel into space. True, the flight in zero-gravity conditions will last for just a few minutes, but at $200,000 it's still a bargain.
The American agency is going to set up a fleet of 40 to 45 tourist vehicles. In a decade, three to four spaceships with six tourists on board will be able to travel every day on a two-hour suborbital tour from the spaceport, currently under construction in New Mexico.
Today, the tickets for the first tours have already been sold, and about 85,000 people are ready to make advance payments.
The leaders of Russian cosmonautics started planning to develop space tourism in the age of the Mir orbital complex. But Roskosmos managed to translate its dream into reality only in 2001, when it sent Denis Tito, an American citizen, to the International Space Station (ISS) with the mediation of the U.S. company Space Adventures.
Since then, what we consider space tourism have been the flights to the ISS aboard the veteran spaceship Soyuz.
Needless to say, Roskosmos's dream for flights on a mass scale has not come true. So far, only five people have visited the station. The average cost of a weekly flight was more than $20 million.
But the very idea of a fun flight to the ISS is coming to an end. The station's crew will be increased to six people next year. Considering that U.S. shuttles will be put out of operation by 2010, a three-seat Soyuz will be the only spaceship for bringing crews to the ISS and back, and there will be simply no room for tourists.
But what if we cannot do without wealthy tourists in orbit?
Pavel Vinogradov, a pilot-cosmonaut and deputy head of the Energia Rocket Space Corporation, says: "Regrettably, space tourism is a big headache for us today. It does not resolve any financial problems, and undermines the foundations of our cosmonautics. We have to replace young cosmonauts with tourists... They are all good people but they are not professionals. Regrettably, we can only find room for them at the expense of professionals."
But Roskosmos is not giving up. If tourists cannot fly with the crew, they will have to be provided with a separate Soyuz spaceship. Space Adventures reports that the agreement on the first commercial flight was signed with Roskosmos in the first half of June.
What this means is that the weak industrial capacities will have to be diverted from the construction of spaceships for the bigger ISS crews. But this is no problem although it takes more than a year to build a space vehicle.
This time, Sergei Brin, one of the founders of the Google search engine and a new Space Adventures' investor, is going to fly into space. Let others judge what he will contribute to the ISS program.
But one thing is clear. Much to our regret, mass space tourism is leaving Russia. We could have kept it if Roskosmos had supported a project of the Myasishchev design bureau to develop a tourist spaceship on the basis of the high-altitude M-55 aircraft. But it remained on paper.
It is much easier to lash out at the lucky neighbor. Early this year, an anonymous source made a tell-tale statement about Virgin Galactic's plans: "Such short-term voyages into the near space, which last minutes and even seconds, cannot even compare with space trips of tourists to the ISS. Moreover, no respectable agency will collect money from hundreds of people if it cannot afford such flights."
This is an emphatic statement but it has nothing to do with reality
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